考博英语翻译中的语态转换有哪些?

在考博英语翻译中,语态转换是一个重要的技巧,它可以帮助考生更好地表达原文的意思,使译文更加地道、流畅。语态转换主要分为主动语态和被动语态的转换。以下是考博英语翻译中常见的语态转换方法:

一、主动语态转换为被动语态

  1. 强调受动者

有些句子中,受动者比施动者更重要,这时可以将主动语态转换为被动语态,以突出受动者。例如:

原句:The teacher corrected the students' homework.
译文:The students' homework was corrected by the teacher.


  1. 避免重复

在翻译中,为了避免重复,可以将主动语态转换为被动语态。例如:

原句:The government has built a new road in this area.
译文:A new road has been built in this area by the government.


  1. 增强客观性

有些句子中,将主动语态转换为被动语态可以使译文更加客观。例如:

原句:The police arrested the thief.
译文:The thief was arrested by the police.

二、被动语态转换为主动语态

  1. 强调施动者

有些句子中,施动者比受动者更重要,这时可以将被动语态转换为主动语态,以突出施动者。例如:

原句:The book was written by the author.
译文:The author wrote the book.


  1. 使句子更加简洁

有些被动语态句子较长,转换成主动语态可以使句子更加简洁。例如:

原句:The house was painted by the workers last week.
译文:The workers painted the house last week.


  1. 强调动作

在强调动作本身时,可以将被动语态转换为主动语态。例如:

原句:The letter was written by the postman.
译文:The postman wrote the letter.

三、特殊情况的语态转换

  1. 无主句的翻译

有些句子没有明确的施动者,这时可以将主动语态转换为无主句。例如:

原句:The window was broken.
译文:The window broke.


  1. 使句子更加生动

有些被动语态句子可以通过转换成主动语态,使句子更加生动。例如:

原句:The cake was baked by the chef.
译文:The chef baked the cake.

总之,在考博英语翻译中,掌握语态转换技巧对于提高翻译质量具有重要意义。考生应熟悉各种语态转换方法,并在实际翻译过程中灵活运用,使译文更加地道、流畅。以下是一些具体的例子:

  1. 原句:The students were given a test by the teacher.
    译文:The teacher gave the students a test.(强调施动者)

  2. 原句:The experiment was conducted by the scientists.
    译文:The scientists conducted the experiment.(使句子更加简洁)

  3. 原句:The book was written by the author.
    译文:The author wrote the book.(强调受动者)

  4. 原句:The window was broken by the wind.
    译文:The wind broke the window.(无主句的翻译)

  5. 原句:The cake was baked by the chef.
    译文:The chef baked the cake.(使句子更加生动)

通过以上实例,我们可以看到,在考博英语翻译中,语态转换的应用非常广泛。考生在备考过程中,应注重积累相关知识和技巧,提高自己的翻译水平。

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